Rhetorical Devices In I Have A Dream Speech - 911 Words

â€Å"... One hundred years later, the life of a negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of vast ocean prosperity. One hundred years later, the negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. And so we’ve come here today to dramatize a shameful condition. This was said in the famous Martin Luther King Jr. Speech, â€Å"I Have a Dream†. Back then it was the Civil Rights Movements with the African Americans and how they wanted to be treated equally. Yes, they have their rights, but they are separated from the rest of society. They are looked down on.†¦show more content†¦Then we start to see who the bad guys are then it provokes us to fight alongside with the African Americans. To be composed, to be collected, to not show fear or nervousness; this are a few examples of what calm means. An author will also calm his or hers audience because he or she will want to reassure the audience about the point that he or she is trying to prove, about the message that he or she is trying to tell the audience. In the poem â€Å"For my People†, by Margaret Walker, the rhetorical appeal pathos, is used to calm the audience. She writes, â€Å"Let a beauty full of healing and a strength of final clenching be the pulsing in our spirits and our blood. Let the martial song songs be written, let the dirges disappear. Let a race of men now rise and take control,† (Walker 315). Walker, beautifully uses pathos to calm his audience by appealing to our sense of emotions. During this time it was rough for all the African Americans, them and even people of other races were furious with what was going on with society and were fed up with and caused them to be furious . But with this, Margaret is telling us to calm down by basically saying with our blood, sweat, and tears put into this movement, we can all rise up as one and nothing will be able to conquer them so they have no need to panic and to stay calm. To influence, to fulfill someone with this passion and urge to go out and accomplish something; this is what it means to inspire. AShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr.976 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent rhetorical devices in order to defend his own actions. In specific, two of his speeches, â€Å"I have a Dream† and â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail† Dr. King used the rhetorical devices of anaphora, allusion, and diction to relay his thoughts of what is right, and also as a way to build a common ground with his audience. Though the rhetorical devices are shared between the two speeches, there are also several differences. The main difference between the two speeches is that in â€Å"I have a Dream† DrRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream 1372 Words   |  6 Pageshis renowned â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. This speech is a prime example of rhetorical approache s and rhetorical devices flowing effortlessly together to create an effective speech that leaves a legacy. The use of rhetorical devices and approaches gives a speech or text more power in its deliverance to the audience and is able to evoke emotions that would not show with the use of solely literal, direct language. Rhetorical devices are key in persuasionRead MoreI Have a Dream Analysis985 Words   |  4 PagesRhetorical Analysis – I Have a Dream. A speech, that will be remembered by many and be passed down from generation to generation, had shaped the future of America by the time Martin Luther King had stepped off the stage on August 28th, as he called for an end to racism in the United States during the March on Washington in 1963. This was one of, if not, the most powerful speech America has seen to this day. A beautiful way to begin! Good job! Martin Luther King stood on that stage with confidenceRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech865 Words   |  4 Pagesin history. Throughout his speech, King employs many rhetorical devices that further his appeal for civil rights. King establishes his credibility as soon as he steps to the podium. King, an American civil rights activist and leader, was already known by the American people for his leadership throughout the civil rights movement. His leadership role as a civil rights activist asserts his message as credible and true to the American people. King’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech addresses the grueling topicRead MoreI Have A Dream Rhetorical Devices Essay1248 Words   |  5 PagesMartin Luther King Jr. gave his famous â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech in the front of the Lincoln memorial in Washington, D. C. Dr. King’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech uses many rhetorical devices to enhance the effectiveness of his message which st ates his want for freedom and racial equality for African Americans. Three rhetorical devices stand out prominently: imagery, allusion, and anaphora. Dr. King uses the rhetorical device imagery in his â€Å"I have a dream† speech. Imagery is the use of figurative languageRead MoreA Rhetorical Analysis: of I Have a Dream Essay1484 Words   |  6 PagesIn Martin Luther King’s I Have a Dream speech, King makes use of an innumerable amount of rhetorical devices that augment the overall understanding and flow of the speech. King makes the audience feel an immense amount of emotion due to the outstanding use of pathos in his speech. King also generates a vast use of rhetorical devices including allusion, anaphora, and antithesis. The way that King conducted his speech adds to the comprehension and gives the effect that he wants to rise above the injusticesRead MoreRhetorical Situation Analysis of Martin Luther Kings Dream Speech744 Words   |  3 Pagesdelivered a 17-minute public speech to over 200,000 supporters of the Civil Rights Movement. King’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech was a response to continue d racial bias nearly 100 years after the end of slavery and a call to action, meant to unify the country in the fight to end segregation. King used his time at the historic event to urge Americans, of all races, to work together throughout the country to ensure equality for all citizens. Though King’s delivery of the speech is widely recognized as impactfulRead MoreEssay on Martin Luther King Rhetorical Analysis1420 Words   |  6 PagesAbout Freedom Martin Luther King Jr.s I Have a Dream speech is one of the most successful and most legendary speeches in United States history. Martin Luther King Jr. was a masterful speaker, who established a strong command of rhetorical strategies. By his eloquent use of ethos, logos, and pathos, as well as his command of presentation skills and rhetorical devices, King was able to persuade his generation that the Negro is not free (King 1). His speech became the rallying cry for civil rightsRead MoreA Rhetorical Analysis on Dr. Martin Luther King’s â€Å"I have a Dream†1051 Words   |  4 Pagesknown as â€Å"I Have a Dream†. On August 28, 1963, at the Lincoln Memorial, this revolutionary civil rights leader through his stirring speech epitomized an objective for the black inhabitants of the America. His speech had the rationale to move billions of Americans to stand up for the rights of the blacks. The social and racial segregation of that segment of time brought a huge r esponse to the overpowering speech which gave the â€Å"black activists a vision for the future† (Anson L.). â€Å"I have a dream† is predominantlyRead MoreMartin Luther King Essay Rhetorical Devices820 Words   |  4 Pages English 101 M amp; W 19 Feb, 2013 The Speech That Changed America â€Å"I have a dream,† perhaps some of the most widely known words that will always be remembered in our nation’s history. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. not only had a way with his powerful words, but also with the way that he carried himself in a professional and highly educated manner. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. used several rhetorical devices in his, â€Å"I have a dream speech,† but none more powerful than the point he was trying

What Makes Member Entry Into Associations - 877 Words

If you know the requirements for getting in the associations, it will make your life much easier through interacting, external environment, amount of resources, and demographics. The most research question among the three questions that have an impact to me is what explains member entry into associations. Entering any organizations, it’s important to know the demographics, how they operate outside of the environment, and. how much human resources is available for employees. For example, I was volunteering last semester at the All Stars Project. I was called for the interview, and I noticed that most of the people that work there are blacks, between ages 35 and up. During the interview, they asked if I can hand out flyers outside and they replied and said this cannot be done because I am a female. Throughout Newark, any organizations out there are affected by the external environment. I think solidary benefits have an impact on how individuals interact in the association. Accor ding to Powell (2006), the author states that members can join an association in order to make friends with like-minded individuals (p.528). I don’t see how this statement can be reasonable; when I am thinking about it, it’s just like going to a club. I think membership association is a committed organization based on its mission and values. Some of the factors that are discussed in the reading which explains how a person interacts contributing to money for a charitable cause. Three of the factors areShow MoreRelatedHow A Cartel Is A Competitive Market1719 Words   |  7 Pagesformal organization set up by a group of firms that produce and sell homogenous products for the purpose of enacting and sharing monopolistic rents. Their organizations consist of formal agreements between competing firms to control prices or exclude entry of a new competitor in a market. The sellers or buyers of a cartel agree to fix selling prices, purchase price or reduce production using a variety of tactics so that competing on price is avoided. Because most of these firms are monopolies, they tendRead MoreWe Are Nothing : Empowering Staff959 Words   |  4 PagesAt a job fair, a recruiter informed me about entry level positions at her company. At the end of our conversation, she said, â€Å"If you are not title conscious, you can also app ly for these administrative assistant positions.† After leaving her booth, I wondered why she did not include the administrative assistant jobs when mentioning the other entry positions. This encounter highlights the importance of association– what does a person’s job say about the individual? In the article â€Å"We are Nothing:Read MoreAlfred E Haigh s Life1327 Words   |  6 Pages Cooking procedures are innovative. Production line groups use fastidious artisan abilities to make chocolates that look and taste scrumptious. A portion of chocolates keep on being hand-made and wrapped up. Every year the group of confectioners work to make new formulas, offering the clients a differing determination of the most delicious chocolates. Haigh’s Chocolates focuses on three things to make itself grow stronger: - - Building a business in a highly viable sector - Managing a family companyRead MoreThe Pseudo Profession Of Nursing Essay1315 Words   |  6 Pagesmajor last year was the following from Cy Coleman: â€Å"I m lucky to be in a profession where you can keep getting better† (Propst, 2015, p. 37). This passage struck me as exactly what I was looking to accomplish with my future, but as it turns out, is nursing really a profession? There are an infinite number of ways to define what a profession is based on personal beliefs, but scholarly articles, such as one by Dr. Burke Christensen (1994), compress the criteria into five requirements, as followed: (1)Read MoreJob Description Of The Care / Service Provided By The Healthcare Professional1518 Words   |  7 PagesI. JOB DESCRIPTION ï‚ · Describe the care/service provided by the healthcare professional, (used correct APA ciations) ï‚ · Nurses provide a wide spectrum of services to their patients. Nurse’s duties usually depend on what kind of patients they work with and where they work. The usual duties of a nurse are to record patients medical history, symptoms, record observations from the patients, and consult with the doctors about the patient’s symptoms. They also operate, monitor the medical equipmentRead MoreCompetency Vs. Nursing Degree1602 Words   |  7 Pagesexamination (NCLEX) in order to become licensed registered nurse (RN). Both of these degrees prepare nurses to care for patient in same level regardless of nursing degree. Research done by Spetz and Bates in 2013, conveys that there is no difference in entry level pay with having new ADN nurse or BSN graduate nurse and they both are expected to care for same patient care areas. The institute of medicine (IOM) future of nursing reports requiring 80 percent of all Register nurses to have their BSN by 2020Read MorePersonal Career An alysis : Social Worker Essay1063 Words   |  5 PagesIt would add happiness and satisfaction to my life. The fact that you have to learn all of the different customs and beliefs of many different people in order to help them excites me. It makes me happy to help people. I can see myself being a social worker. I want to be a social worker because I want to help make the world a better place. Being a social worker would allow me to do so by helping others and bettering the community. The nature of social work is to help society work better for peopleRead MoreNursing Career : A Family Member With A Chronic Disease And Incapable Of Helping Them1747 Words   |  7 PagesAlina Muà ±oz Erwin AP English 12 13 April 2016 Nursing Career Imagine seeing a family member with a chronic disease and incapable of helping them because of lack of medical knowledge. Becoming a nurse can be the best option to be able to not have to deal with not knowing how to help someone who is sick. Nursing is defined as a profession that assumes responsibility for the continuous care of the sick, injured, the disabled, and the dying. Nursing is also responsible for encouraging the health ofRead MoreDifferentiated Competencies: Adn vs. Bsn Essay895 Words   |  4 Pagesnursing profession continues to argue whether a nurse who holds a BSN is desirable to the Associates-Degree-prepared nurse. This has been a topic of debate since 1965, when the American Nurses Association published an opinion paper advocating for the baccalaureate degree to be the minimal standard for entry-level nurses. While some say that the level of education isn’t relevant once you orient a nurse to a certain setting, others disagree and assert that the baccala ureate degree prepared nurses demonstrateRead MoreReflection Of A Discourse Community1591 Words   |  7 Pagesetc. This whole can make reference to a discourse community. According to John Swales, discourse communities are unions where individuals have a common purpose, and communicate to achieve this. There are six characteristics that make up a discourse community. They are a set of common public goals, mechanisms of communication among its members, the use of participatory mechanism to provide feedback, the utilization of genres, a specific lexis, and a rank of the members that make up the discourse community

Explanation of pathophysiology and pharmacology Samples for Students

Question: Explanation of pathophysiology and pharmacology ? Answer : Introduction Cerebrovascular accident refers to the medical term that is used for stroke. Stroke occurs due to the poor blood flow in the brain, which causes the cell death (Berkhemer et al. 2015). Stroke is of two types that are ischemic and hemorrhagic. Ischemic stroke occurs due to the reduced blood flow. On the other hand, the hemorrhagic stroke occurs due to the bleeding. However, cerebrovascular accident or stroke has various signs and symptoms. These signs and symptoms show the inability of the brain. In the assignment, the pathophysiology and pharmacology are discussed. Cerebrovascular accidents have various signs and symptoms that are discussed. The next section discusses about the rationale of the cerebrovascular accident. Pathophysiology of cerebrovascular accident: eorge and Steinberg (2015) mentioned that the main reason of ischemic stroke can be blood clot. This occurs when the artery affected or damaged that is called thrombosis. The arterial wall became blocked that leads to damage. Therefore, the blood vessel network became hampered. The single artery damage can cause the hampered blood circulation network. On the other hand, Bivard et al. (2014) stated that the arteries became harden that is known as the artherosclerosis. The damage of the arteries and the natural variation in collateral network helps to prevent collateral system from the compensating completely. This can result the loss of perfusion, blood supply to the brain. Arteriovenous malformation can cause of the abnormal tangles of the blood vessels. In such condition, the blood flow occurs from the veins to the arteries. Therefore, the flow of blood blocked and damage of the brain tissues occur. In case of haemorrhagic stroke, the bleeding occurs due to the head trauma. The aneurysm ruptures that causes the bleeding. The bleeding occurs in between the innermost meninges, arachnoid mater and pia mater. Vasopasm that is the construction of arteries can help to reduce the bleeding, which is hampered. The brain tissues fail to respond as the blood pressures increases highly. Kim, Kawabori and Yenari (2014) mentioned that stroke mainly happens due to the hypertension. Brain tumors and blood clotting disorder can cause the stroke in the patient. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the effects of the hypertension and other causes of stroke. Pharmacology of cerebrovascular accident: The pharmacologic therapy includes stroke specific treatment and the stroke prevention. However, Foushee et al. (2014) mentioned that the type of pharmacology depends on the type of stroke that is ischemic or haemorrhagic. In case of the ischemic stroke, the pharmacotherapeutic treatment includes the plasminogen activator and antiplatelet agents. On the other hand, the hemorrhagic stroke includes the control of blood pressure and the intracranial pressure. To treat the ischemic stroke, the IV tPA agents are used that the FDA approves. The tPA is very effective to control the ischemic stroke. Oppelt et al. (2014) mentioned that the patient who is affected by the ischemic stroke, needs to be treated within 3 hours of the attack. This will help to reduce the effect the stroke attack. In case of hemorrhagic stroke, surgery may be needed if the condition of the patient is serious. In case of non-surgical condition, the medication of IV vitamin K is necessary. The nurse should provide aspi rin as earlier as possible to prevent the effects of stoke. In some cases, plasminogen activator is used as an injection, which is administered in the arm of the patient. Signs and symptoms Stroke has various signs and symptoms that include problem in movement. The patient may feel problem to move. Sometimes the patient may feel problem on one side of the body that is problem in movement. Hayek et al. (2014) stated that the patient feels problem in speaking. Sometimes the loss of vision occurs. The patient can feel like that the world is spinning. The signs and symptoms of the patient may occur soon after the stroke. Zeng et al. (2016) mentioned that when the symptoms of the stroke stay for more than 1 to 2 hours, it is called as the transient ischemic attack. On the other hand, Palmerini et al. (2015) opined that in case of hemorrhagic stroke, the patient may have severe headache. The symptoms of stroke can last for the long time. In case of long-term effect, the patient may suffer from pneumonia and loss of bladder control. The risk factors of stroke are high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, obesity, atrial fibrillation. Gruber, Lee and Moreno-Walton (2016) added that another risk factors of the stroke are the malpractice of tobacco smoking, previous TIA and diabetes mellitus. In case of ischemic stroke, the blood vessels ma ruptured, which can cause the bleeding. As a result, stroke occurs in the patient. When stroke occurs, the patient may faint and sweating may occur. In the case study, the daughter of Gretas friend is suffering from cerebrovascular accident. George and Steinberg (2015) stated that the bleeding causes the hemorrhagic stroke. It can happen due to the space in between the membrane space in the brain. The brain aneurysm can ruptured, which may result the stroke. The patient felt onset face weakness, abnormal speech and problem in arm drift. When these three symptoms are less, it means that the risk of stroke is decreasing. The patient faces the hemiplegia with the muscle weakness of face. In addition, the patient losses the vibration sensitivity and the symptoms of excessive reflexes occurs. in the case scenario, one side of the body of the patient is affected and the patient cannot move its head to one side as well as the body. The patient faced the apraxia, memory deficits, dysarthria, hemineglect and lack of eyesight. Hemineglect refers to the involvement of the parietal lobe. The patient lost consciousness and vomiting as the int racranial pressure increased. From the signs and symptoms, the condition of the patient is seen, which can be fatal for the patient. Rationale In case of stroke, the nurse can provide aspirin so that the ischemic stroke can be prevented. Aspirin can provide relief to the patient. In the emergency case, the injection may be administered to avoid the blockage. In some cases, surgery may be needed. In case of hemorrhagic stroke, the nurse needs to provide medication to reduce the high blood pressure. In such circumstances, the brain surgery can occur to reduce the pressure created in the brain. The surgery can repair the blood vessels of the brain, which is ruptured. The key responsibilities of nurse in case of stroke to administer the medication include the followings: Nursing responsibilities Rationale Check the blood pressure Before and after applying the medication, the blood pressure of the patient needs to be checked. The application of aspirin can reduce the high blood pressure and increase the blood flow in brain. Check the proper administration of medication including drugs and injections Before applying the aspirin or other drugs and tPA injection, the nurse needs to recheck. The drugs may have adverse effects on the patient and as a result, the condition may be worse from the previous time. Check the symptoms of the patient The medication and injection should be provided after detecting the signs and symptoms of the stroke. As stroke is of two types therefore, the medication system is different for both the stroke. Check the route and dosage of the medication administration Before administer the drug, the nurse needs to check the dosage and route. However, Kim, Kawabori and Yenari (2014) mentioned that the dosage should be applied in a safe level. Overdose of the medication can be fatal for the patient. Take the consent of the patient and family members For the ethical consideration, the nurse needs to take the concern of the family members and patient (if possible). Check the medication of the patient that is taken by the patient earlier The nurse needs to check the medical history of the patient that will help to know the reason of the stroke. Moreover, the dosage of the past medical history should be checked. The medicines can increase the blood pressure of the patient. As a result, the function of brain tissues can be affected. Observe the patient after medication As the medication is done to reduce the effect of stroke, the nurse needs to monitor the patient that will help to develop the patients health. Necessity of surgery After providing the medication, observation is necessary to check the condition of the patient. if the condition does not develop, the patient may need of surgery that will help to reduce the negative effect cerebrovascular accident or stroke. Table 1: Rationale of cerebrovascular accident Conclusion Based on the above discussion, it can be said that stroke is fatal and it can make the patient bed ridden for lifetime. The signs and symptoms of strokes need to be detected in the early stage of the stroke. If the stroke can be determined in the early stage then the chance of mortality and paralysis reduces. Moreover, the type of stroke is necessary to identify. The pharmacological treatment depends on the type of stroke. For this purpose, various tests need to be done. The long-term effect of stroke can affect the patient badly so it is necessary to reduce. References Berkhemer, O.A., Fransen, P.S., Beumer, D., Van Den Berg, L.A., Lingsma, H.F., Yoo, A.J., Schonewille, W.J., Vos, J.A., Nederkoorn, P.J., Wermer, M.J. and van Walderveen, M.A., 2015. A randomized trial of intraarterial treatment for acute ischemic stroke.N Engl J Med,2015(372), pp.11-20. Bivard, A., Levi, C., Krishnamurthy, V., Hislop-Jambrich, J., Salazar, P., Jackson, B., Davis, S. and Parsons, M., 2014. Defining acute ischemic stroke tissue pathophysiology with whole brain CT perfusion.Journal of Neuroradiology,41(5), pp.307-315. Foushee, J.A., Goodbar, N.H., Kelly, J.L. and Clarke, S.L., 2014. Cerebrovascular accident in a high-risk patient during the early initiation phase with canagliflozin.Annals of Pharmacotherapy,48(8), pp.1066-1069. George, P.M. and Steinberg, G.K., 2015. Novel stroke therapeutics: unraveling stroke pathophysiology and its impact on clinical treatments.Neuron,87(2), pp.297-309. Gruber, M., Lee, B.I. and Moreno-Walton, L., 2016. The Total Pentad: a Case Report of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Presenting as an Acute Cerebrovascular Accident.Nova Journal of Medical and Biological Sciences,3(3). Hayek, S., Zeineh, N., Lasorda, D. and Hajjali, R., 2014. Obesity and Prognosis in Patients with Acute Cerebrovascular Accident.Circulation,130(Suppl 2), pp.A17049-A17049. Kim, J.Y., Kawabori, M. and Yenari, M.A., 2014. Innate inflammatory responses in stroke: mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.Current medicinal chemistry,21(18), pp.2076-2097. Oppelt, M., Juehring, D., Sorgenfrey, G., Harvey, P.J. and Larkin-Thier, S.M., 2014. A case study utilizing spinal manipulation and dynamic neuromuscular stabilization care to enhance function of a post cerebrovascular accident patient.Journal of bodywork and movement therapies,18(1), pp.17-22. Palmerini, T., Benedetto, U., Bacchi-Reggiani, L., Della Riva, D., Biondi-Zoccai, G., Feres, F., Abizaid, A., Hong, M.K., Kim, B.K., Jang, Y. and Kim, H.S., 2015. Mortality in patients treated with extended duration dual antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stent implantation: a pairwise and Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomised trials.The Lancet,385(9985), pp.2371-2382. Zeng, L.F., Liang, W.X., Liu, J.C., Chen, X.Y., Du, W.Y., Li, Z.P., Wang, Q., Cao, Y., Wang, L., Meng, C.R. and Wang, K.Z., 2016. Is adjunctive treatment with medication of liver-soothing-oriented method beneficial for depression after cerebrovascular accident?: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis.Medicine,95(44), p.e5208.

The Confederate States Of America Essays - , Term Papers

The Confederate States Of America The Confederate States Of America Confederate States of America, the name adopted by the federation of 11 slave holding Southern states of the United States that seceded from the Union and were arrayed against the national government during the American Civil War. Immediately after confirmation of the election of Abraham Lincoln as president, the legislature of South Carolina convened. In a unanimous vote on December 20, 1860, the state seceded from the Union. During the next two months ordinances of secession were adopted by the states of Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. President James Buchanan, in the last days of his administration, declared that the federal government would not forcibly prevent the secessions. In February 1861, the seceding states sent representatives to a convention in Montgomery, Alabama. The convention, presided over by Howell Cobb of Georgia, adopted a provisional constitution and chose Jefferson Davis of Mississippi as provisional president and Alexander Hamilton Stephens of Georgia as provisional vice president. The convention, on March 11, 1861, unanimously ratified a permanent constitution. The constitution, which closely resembled the federal Constitution, prohibited the African slave trade but allowed interstate commerce in slaves. Jefferson Davis (1808-89), first and only president of the Confederate States of America (1861-65). Davis was born onJune 3, 1808, in Christian (now Todd) County, Kentucky, and educated at Transylvania University, Lexington, Kentucky, and at the U.S. Military Academy. After his graduation in 1828, he saw frontier service until ill health forced his resignation from the army in 1835. He was a planter in Mississippi from 1835 to 1845, when he was elected to the U.S. Congress. In 1846 he resigned his seat in order to serve in the Mexican War and fought at Monterrey and Buena Vista, where he was wounded. He was U.S. senator from Mississippi from 1847 to 1851, secretary of war in the cabinet of President Franklin Pierce from 1853 to 1857, and again U.S. senator from 1857 to 1861. As a senator he often stated his support of slavery and of states' rights, and as a cabinet member he influenced Pierce to sign the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which favored the South and increased the bitterness of the struggle over slavery. In his second term as senator he became the acknowledged spokesman for the Southern point of view. He opposed the idea of secession from the Union, however, as a means of maintaining the principles of the South. Even after the first steps toward secession had been taken, he tried to keep the Southern states in the Union, although not at the expense of their principles. When the state of Mississippi seceded, he withdrew from the Senate. On February 18, 1861, the provisional Congress of the Confederate States made him provisional president. He was elected to the office by popular vote the same year for a 6-year term and was inaugurated in Richmond, Virginia, the capital of the Confederacy, on February 22, 1862. Davis failed to raise sufficient money to fight the American Civil War and could not obtain recognition and help for the Confederacy from foreign governments. He was in constant conflict with extreme exponents of the doctrine of states' rights, and his attempts to have high military officers appointed by the president were opposed by the governors of the states. The judges of state courts constantly interfered in military matters through judicial decisions. Davis was nevertheless responsible for the raising of the formidable Confederate armies, the notable appointment of General Robert E. Lee as commander of the Army of Virginia, and the encouragement of industrial enterprise throughout the South. His zeal, energy, and faith in the cause of the South were a source of much of the tenacity with which the Confederacy fought the Civil War. Even in 1865 Davis still hoped the South would be able to achieve its independence, but at last he realized defeat was imminent and fled from Richmond. On May 10, 1865, federal troops captured him at Irwinville, Georgia. From 1865 to 1867 he was imprisoned at Fortress Monroe, Virginia. Davis was indicted for treason in 1866 but the next year was released on a bond of $100,000 signed by the American newspaper publisher Horace Greeley and other influential Northerners. In 1868 the federal government dropped the case against him. From 1870 to 1878 he engaged in a number of unsuccessful business enterprises; and from 1878 until his death in New Orleans, on December 6, 1889, he lived near Biloxi, Mississippi. His grave is in Richmond, Virginia. He wrote The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government (1881). Soon after his inauguration as provisional president on February 18,